Iâve just finished a little Arduino project. If it is still required to know the precision inductance resistance of the three-phase reactor, the pure sinusoidal voltage can be used, or the unknown inductance can be connected in parallel with the known precision capacitance, and the frequency of the resonance peak can be measured. I'm getting a bit frustrated trying to find an affordable LCR meter that will measure low inductance for a project that I'm working on. Found inside – Page 1123The schematic of measurement and control of the experimental set-up of designed inductor Primary winding was connected DC Power Supply to obtain magnetic field while secondary winding was connected to LCR meter, Hewlett Packard 4263B, ... ãFlexible choiceãThe LCR meter can be selected in series/parallel mode. Digital LCR meter type measures I (through DUT) and V (across DUT) and phase angle between measured I and V. From these measured parameters useful impedance parameters are calculated. The problem is a source free circuit calling for the correct equivalent inductance reading within multisim. Found inside – Page 1919... P. The ohmic resistance between the active and passive steel bars were measured using an LCR meter which can be used to measure the inductance, capacitance and resistance of an electronic component (frequency 1 kHz, square pulse ca. And yes this method uses low current to measure inductance, so saturation information will be unavailable.
Will LCR meter be able to get more noticeably accurate measurements? You can then convert the millihenries into microhenries (uH) by following the measurement below: 1 millihenry (mH) = 1000 microhenry (uH) Found inside – Page 367The nondestructive evaluation technique used was based on measuring the inductance of a coil into which the ... of a coil whose inductance was measured with the sample inserted using a HewlettPackard variable frequency LCR meter . Measure and record the actual value of the resistor using the multimeter. One particular component I am working with has resistance, capacitance and inductance (a homemade induction coil antenna). But when i calculate the inductance using formula F=1/ (2*pi*sqr (lc)) i got 700nF . ... E4980A/E4980AL The E4980A is the model number of the 20 Hz to 2 MHz frequency range LCR meter. Using a bed of nails in-circuit test equipment it is possible gain access to the circuit nodes on a board and measure the performance of the components regardless of the other components connected to them. L is inductance, C is capacitance, and R is resistance. Then I was able to use it to measure a very small inductance value I needed for my RF amp, about 420nH. Like a digital multimeter, it can be used to measure inductance, capacitance and resistance of components. Some of the key features to look for in an LCR meter or impedance meter are accuracy, test frequency, measured parameters, test voltage, and test current. It was important that the tool was offered at half price than its predecessor Smart Tweezers by reducing functionality and simplifying the operation of the device. The bell curve may be narrow so that within 3% you get 99.x % of your parts, but where the peak of the bell is varies in time during production, so that the parts produced over a long time can be within say 10% tolerance. Using the attached picture just compare its inductive reactance to a known value of resistor R1. How to Use Tables When measurement conditions fall under multiple categories in a table, apply the best value. Found inside – Page 71.2.2 LCR Meter Instead of a VNA , an inductance capacitance resistance ( LCR ) meter is often used to measure chip components such as capacitors , inductors , and resistors . Common ones operate at 1 MHz , contacting the DUT with ... Seeing the impedance magnitude in ohms helps you use your intuitionâand the phase angle tells you quickly if you have a pure reactance or a mixture of resistance and reactance. LCR meter used to measure inductance, capacitance, and resistance. It can be calculated from the current I flowing to the measurement target and the voltage V across the targetâs terminals. measuring inductance of a motor perhaps i misunderstand your question. Feb 15, 2018. Inductance, capacitance, or resistance can all be measured via a bridge circuit. For this measurement, the variable calibrated elements are zeroed out at the detector, as opposed to measuring phase angle as in the conventional LCR meter. When an LCR meter is not available, there are various methods for measuring inductance using an oscilloscope. B&K Precision 879B LCR Meter. Inductance meter. I guess it wasn’t explained enough how this method isn’t going to give perfect results. Some versions of the LCR meter use a bridge circuit format as the basis of its circuit giving the name that is often used. Found inside – Page 235The instrument was used to measure the T2 relaxation of the samples using optimized scanning parameters as follows: inter-echo ... and a North Atlantic LCR meter model 2250 to measure samples' inductance, capacitance, and resistance. #1. Connect an LCR on each phase. I have fabricate spiral inductor and measure the inductance value using LCR meter (Agilent 20-1MHz). This works OK for inductors and capacitors (at least, when operating at frequencies where parasitic effects are negligible), but an antenna is something else so equations 1 and 2 don't apply. Learn how your comment data is processed. Getting inductance is slightly more difficult. Inductive REACTANCE varies with frequency. In-Circuit Test, ICT is a powerful tool for printed circuit board test. Circuit, Schematic and Pcb. Found inside – Page 29Photo 3.2 Avo B183 digital LCR meter, capable of measuring inductance, capacitance and resistance (Thorn EMI Instruments) wave, 1.732. Digital multimeter crest factor specifications of around 7:1 and above are available. Hahaha I was literally just about to look this up and it was in my RSS feed. In the simpler versions of this instrument the impedance was measured internally and converted for display to the corresponding capacitance or inductance value. Years ago I was on the hunt for an accurate LCR meter. We already built Frequency Meter, Capacitance Meter and Resistance meter using Arduino. ãMultifunctionãThe LCR meter measures mass quality factor, loss factor, phase angle and equivalent resistance measurement, and resistance DC measurement. 1.0 out of 5 stars. Like a digital multimeter, it can be used to measure inductance, capacitance and resistance of components. L C R single measurement selection. The phase angle will help you determine whether the reactance is pure or a combination of reactance and resistance. To indentify parasitics respectively to understand the results obtained with a LCR meter at different frequencies, you need an equivalent circuit of the component and a rough estimation of expectable impedance versus frequency. This can be accomplished by a modern multimeter, an oscilloscope or a sound card in connection with a sound recorder/analyser. 282,784.
In most cases, this avoids errors due to series inductance and parallel lumped capacitance. Now you can precisely tune that Joule Thief you’ve been working on. Feb 15, 2018. Measure inductance If you are lucky enough to have an inductance meter ( LCR meter ), you can find the inductance of each winding, and the turns ratio. And, just like some previously seen arduino projects, he misses the already existent internal comparator…(in some other cases built in SPI interface, USART etc). See pictures. Primary inductance (L1) and secondary inductance (L2) can be measured directly by connecting the instrument as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2. Start with, say, A-B. $309. Things are actually a bit different. Found inside – Page 18Capacitance—voltage (C-V) characteristics were measured by a Hewlett-Packard 4284A precision LCR meter (a meter to measure inductance (L), capacitance (C), and resistance (R)) at the frequency of 10 kHz. A Hewlett-Packard 4194A ... 1,393. ; Proster LCR Meter: inductance, capacitance and resistance measuring meter,it is a Specialdigital instrument which is easy to be operated, the reading accuracydegree is higher with liquid crystal display 3 1/2. The LCR Meter IM3536’s measurement frequency and measurement voltage can be set over a broad range of values (DC and 4 Hz to 8 MHz, and 10 mV to 5 V, respectively), making the instrument ideal for measuring laminated ceramic capacitors under a variety of conditions. never heard of it. Found inside – Page 394Unknown L C R Meter V V Short Figure 8. Simplified schematic of the method of measuring small inductors or large capacitors. where Cx is the unknown capacitance and C2 is the dial capacitance required to establish resonance with the ... The device which measures these parameters is known as LCR meter. Answer (1 of 11): Yes. Here you can see how everything is connected in the schematic, I ⦠The cups half empty mentality is why so many EE’s never become great. East Tester ET1090C Digital Bench LCR Meter Capacitance Resistance Inductance Measure LCR Meter Accuracy 0.1% 100Hz~100KHz Bandwidth Desktop Digital LCR Bridge. It affects the reading and I have no idea why you would use anything but DC to measure a resistance. When there is a change in the current flowing through a conductor, a corresponding change is induced in the voltage in it and in conductors surrounding it. So I removed two turns. Seeing the impedance magnitude in ohms helps you use your intuition -- and the phase angle tells you quickly if you have a pure reactance or a mixture of resistance and reactance. Going back to my loop antenna, the DC resistance for it was 1.83 ohms, and the LCR meter gave an inductance of 179µH. Found inside – Page 75Coupling. Coefficient. Measurement. Method. with. Simple. Procedures. Using ... (LF) band such as 110 to 205 kHz, the coupling coefficient (or mutual inductance) is usually measured by an LCR meter [7] or an impedance analyzer [8]. Make sure the LCR meter is in an inductance measuring mode. Parallel mode is the default for capacitance and resistance measurements When the reactance is large, the series resistance is negligible and then the parallel model is used. Hi All, I have wind a coil with a copper ,air as a core and made a LC oscillator circuit with 640nF capacitor but when i see the oscillating frequency it was around 240K Hz.when i measure the inductance using LCR meter the value shown was 2.2uH . This property is known as inductance. I assume that this project uses a frequency low enough that the parasitic capacitance won’t be an issue, but this also means that your mesurement results will be poor. When there is a change in the current flowing through a conductor, a corresponding change is induced in the voltage in it and in conductors surrounding it. Educational tutorial 153 by G K Agrawal.The lecture is given by a person with industrial experience and useful for electrical, electronic communication and power electronics engineering students, project work and also Physics students.watch Capacitor applications.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SufDJMrU3KMAlso watch https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XtyMyEHC3Y0Also watch https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uere9AOuh54Also watch https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xU99YrzClN4LinkedIn https://in.linkedin.com/in/g-k-agrawalTwitter https://twitter.com/gkagrawal1955 WordPress https://letusshareknowledge.wordpress.comFacebook https://www.facebook.com/gopalkrishna... Blog https://g-k-agrawal-electrical.blogspot.com/https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCO31rZS4_EDYJ8CGXiRZdxgLCR Meter, How to use LCR Meter to measure the inductance of inductor, the capacitance of capacitor \u0026 resistance of the resistor is explained in video tutorial in English. Yes you can walk into grainger or some other supply store and demo a $500 unit while testing a handfull of components. Itâs a shield for the Arduino Uno that lets you measure inductance. You select which one using the FUNCTION button. (Comment Policy). A pattern will be revealed that can be analyzed! In most cases, this avoids errors due to series inductance and parallel lumped capacitance. Found inside – Page 63May - 07 Ans . : These errors can be reduced by using long gate times such as 10 s and 100 s during frequency ... Ans . : The digital LCR meter is used to capacitance and dissipation factor . measure the resistance , inductance , Q.33 A ... I have a High-Frequency inductor available and I want to measure the inductance using the Rohde&Schwarz HM8118 LCR meter. Too bad inductance varies with frequency and current :p. No, inductance does not vary with frequency. LCR Meter Measurement Accuracy Introduction LCR meters make taking L, C and R measurements very easy. 2) The diagram of the circuit that we are going to use for the test is shown above. WW Grainger is an industrial supplier that has a few outlets here in the Northeastern part of the USA. This may be a standalone capacitance meter or part of a multimeter. Found inside – Page 24Microprocessor in new LCR automates a wide range of measurements While the microprocessor in the new HP 4262A LCR meter automates and simplifies component measuring and testing , the arrangement of the instrument front panel keyboard ... If I want to measure the inductance of a 12V DC motor, are the two methods listed above as good as using a LCR meter? I have to wind my own inductors so I want to test them before I install them. 13,109. I have to wind my own inductors so I want to test them before I install them. The method used involves using a known capacitor in parallel with the unknown inductor to make parallel resonant circuit. the apparent inductance seen by the LCR meter may be scaled up by a factor of 10 or 100 using appropriate windings on th e current transformer. March 13, 2021. Write it down somewhere :) (Note: in my case R=300.8 Ohms). You can estimate lead inductance using 10 nH per cm of lead length. See pictures. This circuit can be made pretty accurate enough for many peoples use case very simply using a few known reference parts. Multimeters are electronic tools that you use to test various electrical values, such as voltage, resistance, capacitance, and current. However, it seems easy enough to correct the reading by measuring the DC resistance and then subtracting the appropriate amount. (However, care must be taken, as some LCR meters will be damaged by the generated EMF produced by turning the rotor of a permanent-magnet motor; in particular those intended for electronic component measurements.) You either need to add a 10kΩ pullup resistor to the output or change the Arduino code from “pinMode(11, INPUT);” to “pinMode(11, INPUT_PULLUP);”. Two types of circuit modes: Parallel and Series. The two basic kinds of meters are analog and digital. This project discusses the concept and the technique of measuring the inductance with a microcontroller board.This project makes use of the resonance frequency of a tank circuit, in which there will be a capacitor and an unknown inductance ⦠R = _____ 21. Andy Geppert liked GameTank 8-Bit Retroconsole. MASTECH MS5308 or IET DE-5000). 1. LCR meter use. The material on this site may not be reproduced, distributed, transmitted, cached or otherwise used, except with the prior written permission of WTWH Media. b the actual current flowing through the part under test. (NOTE: actually, this will not generally work as expected for iron core transformers because ⦠2) The diagram of the circuit that we are going to use for the test is shown above. Here are measured effective inductances of a nominal 192uH coil (100 turns on 2" form): 1MHz: 199uH. Reaction score. Q-meter is also known as RLC meter. In the proposed measurement procedure, we first make an initial, low-accuracy measurement of the inductance standard under test using an LCR meter. 4MHz: 475uH. Note that some digital meters have an automatic measurement function, meaning you donât need to select a particular mode. Found inside – Page 573.2 Effect of Temperature on Inductance and Resistance The effect of temperature on sensitivity is given in the above study. ... by the method above with the same structure and the parameters were measured by the LCR meter at 4 MHz. Not all LCR meters allow measuring the impedance of the application frequency. It seems that all affordable meters bottom out at 20uH (i.e. The reason is, you attach your leads to the meter and connect the ends. April 1, 2020 by Electricalvoice. Explanation in this funny article (well worth a read) – http://www.edn.com/article/509250-7_solution.php. I haven't been able to find a way to force it to measure the capacitance or inductance. Hence, the name LCR meter. Found inside – Page 1003A high-precision Agilent E4980A LCR meter (shown in Figure 8, right) was used to measure the inductance, employing the four-terminal pair measurement configuration. Inductance measurements were taken by using a test frequency of 20 Hz ... The ammeter uses a needle and a dial to represent various functions and values. The bell curve may be narrow so that within 3% you get 99.x % of your parts, but where the peak of the bell is varies in time during production, so that the parts produced over a long time can be within say 10% tolerance.”, Actually there may be another reason why the statement isn’t true. Now you can zero the meter. Figure 3 illustrates that if an LCR meter is programmed for a 1 V signal level (Vs), the voltage across the device being measured (Vx), will be lower than the programmed voltage of 1V. The basic accuracy provided by this meter is 0.5% with 40000 counts for primary parameters and 10000 counts for the secondary parameter. ease of use, high speed Widest measurement range, resonant analysis, circuit modeling Cost-effective, versatile 100M 10M 1M 100K 10K 1K 100 10 1 100m 10m 1m Keysight's impedance analyzers/LCR meters measuremant technique comparison 10% accuracy range 1 10 100 1K 10K 100K 1M 10M 100M 1G 10G Measurement frequency range (Hz) Impedance ⦠Dave Challenger liked Mini Tabletop Tesla Coil Powered by an Arc Lighter. An LCR meter is a digital measurement instrument. In the pictures below I use an inexpensive hobby-level LC 100 A meter (for demonstration purposes). Activity points. How do they produce +-1% devices that makes them more accurate from the others? Measure and record the inductorâs inductance value and the capacitorâs capacitance value using the LCR meter. Measure DC resistance. User manual of the LCR meter:
The values are then read off on an LCD or LED display. Found inside – Page 132Range selection is fully automatic and the LCR - Q meter automatically discriminates between inductors and capacitors . The measured value is displayed through 4 digit LEDs with automatic decimal point . The controls consist of six ... Connect the coil to the meter and measure the frequency at the output. Frequency can be adapted in the tank oscillator in both software and the load capacitance and also adding a series reference inductance to get decent nH readings. A multimeter can measure them easily. Without an LCR, you can use a power supply and an oscilloscope. Found inside – Page 402It is a measure of how concentrated the electric flux is in the material. Dielectric constant can be measured using an LCR meter. Generally, this electronic device is used for the measurement of inductance, capacitance, and resistance ... Lantern Master liked ZeroPointModule a Zero 2 W carrier for 3D printing. An LCR meter can take several measurements, which will be listed on the dial. The measurement was telling me the current inductor was actually 600nH. You can estimate lead inductance using 10 nH per We can use an LCR meter to measure the impedance of a circuit. [Andrew Moser] has a method that lets you pull it off with an Arduino and an LM339 quad comparator. Sorry to disappoint the sceptics but i found this article very useful. Found inside – Page 223Typical measured quantity Electromyography, abdomen and thoracic circumference, impedance or blood volume Nanoparticle-Encapsulated ... We then measure inductance of each sensor ... The Agilent 4285A Precision LCR Meter is used. That resulting signal is a square wave, which is an easy target for the Arduino to measure. This book offers in a single reference a concise representation of the large body of literature on the subject and supplies tools that designers desperately need to improve the accuracy and performance of their designs by eliminating trial ... Refer to the LCR meter measurement guidelines on figure 8 below [2]. Most labs have an ample supply of DMM's for measuring DC resistance, but when it comes to measuring inductance, capacitance and impedance, it is not always easy to find an LCR meter. The only real thing to avoid here is the AT328 which has crummy timer precision, or to increase the size of the tank capacitance. Found inside – Page 151Resonant circuits (i.e., circuits containing resistance [R], inductance [L], and capacitance [C]) require the use of a ... For measuring the Quality factor of tunable components, an RF impedance analyzer or LCR meter that uses the RF-IV ... For example, If I measure a 1 uf capacitor at 100 Hz, I get roughly 1 uf but If I read it at 100 kHz, I get roughly half that value. A variety of meters are available. Measure the impedance of the application frequency. How To Measure Inductance. When the reactance is large, the series resistance is negligible and then the parallel model is used. The measurement signal output from the LCR meter is voltage-divided between the output impedance R and the measurement target Zx. The total capacitance and inductance of a transmission line can be measured with an LCR meter. R = _____ 21. Sorry I can’t seem to find a link to any of your work. I was using the Agilent U1733C LCR meter and was wondering why meaning there is for the test frequency selection when doing resistance measurements. 2. If your LCR meter allows you to do this, we highly recommend doing it. Thank you Mike. For example, If I measure a 1 uf capacitor at 100 Hz, I get roughly 1 uf but If I read it at 100 kHz, I get roughly half that value. The LM339 has an open collector output so the output floats when V+ > V-. He says on the website: “if you’ve taken a statistics class – most capacitors with 10% tolerance will be well under 10%.”. LCR meter is used to measure the inductance (L), capacitance (C) and resistance (R) of an electronic component and measure a physical property known as impedance. LCR. The measurement setup is shown in the title picture above. âââââ How To Use Lcr Meter To Measure Inductance; Views: 6130: Published: 7.8.2021: Author: brevetto.milano.it: Measure How Meter To To Lcr Inductance Use . What’s Up With All These Crazy Event Networks Then? By using our website and services, you expressly agree to the placement of our performance, functionality and advertising cookies. LCR meters operate by applying an AC voltage to the device under test, and measuring the resulting current, both in terms MASTECH MS5308 or IET DE-5000). The inductance meter is a device that can be used to measure the unknown inductance of an inductor or a simple coil. Setup the power supply so that it is current limited to around 50% of the rated motor current. I just need a few components. Also, use a low test frequency. Figure 8: Series and parallel modes graph 7. You would want to use the, "BK Presision 875B LCR meter. This waveform is affected by the LC circuit, filtered by the comparator chip, then read back out the other side by the Arduino. Arduino-based Inductance Meter. Measuring with an LCR Meter Power the LCR meter and wait for it to turn on. Artificial_Spark. Something like the BK Presision 875B LCR meter is useless if you need to know the effective inductance of the coil at frequencies within several octaves of the SRF. Value of Inductance of inductor, the capacitance of capacitor \u0026 resistance of resistor measurement method is explained in LCR meters lecture. WTWH Media LLC and its licensors. "Coil64" is a free coil inductor calculator, that allows calculating: single-layer and multilayer air core inductors, toroidal air core coil inductance, inductors on ferrite rings, in pot core, flat coils on the PCB, and also LC tank parameters.The program has additional plugins to calculate another manner of coils. Set the LCR to measure L, or inductance. The circuit works by feeding a signal in from the Arduino. Activity points. A basic LCR ⦠An LCR meter is a digital measurement instrument. Reaction score. Note: you have done this already but do it again for the practice using the equipment. LCR meters have three measurement signal modes. 1) With the multi-meter set to Ohms, measure the resistance between the terminals of the inductor. LCR Meter vs. Multimeter: LCR meter can also be used to measure impedance which is later converted to L, C or R for display. Note: you have done this already but do it again for the practice using the equipment. Found inside – Page 4165-4 Measuring Inductance and Impedance Lead wire Thermo - coupling Inductance and impedance are measured with an LCR meter equipped with a generalpurpose IEEE - 488 controller . In addition , a constant current type DC bias unit ... If I change the frequency to 100kHz and voltage level to 1.5V (max) I get a value of 0.5 Henry which is way too high. An LCR meter is a type of electronic test equipment used to measure the inductance (L), capacitance (C), and resistance (R) of an electronic component. LC Meter's Inductance Measurement Ranges: - 10nH - 1000nH - 1uH - 1000uH - 1mH - 100mH LC Meter's Capacitance Measurement Ranges: - 0.1pF - 1000pF - 1nF - 900nF. Found inside – Page 30Digital LCR meters are available to measure inductance, capacitance and resistance. Testing of resistors The most common fault in resistors is that it may be open usually due to burning. It can be tested using a multimeter keeping it in ... You usually need a high precision resistor (1% or better) in series with the inductor, a function generator to put a signal through the circuit, and an oscilloscope to measure the result. Having no LCR meter is not a reason for anybody not to measure the inductance of a coil or inductor. The method used to measure the inductance of an unknown inductor with a grid dip meter is relatively straightforward. They are in the range of 140nH to 3uH. Bochum, Germany. How to use LCR meter 4070 to measure capacitor, inductance L, \u0026 resistance R is explained in the LCR meter tutorial video. Note the ratio of voltage drops across R1 ⦠Without this fix, you see any output on the serial port after “Inductance meter:”. I will suggest you to use dedicated lcr meter for this. I then verified the other two inductors in my output lowpass filter were the correct values (1.5uH and 680nH). Easiest way would be to use an LCR meter and do the same procedure. Found inside – Page 114... where actual winding self-inductances of the assembled HPM machine stators were measured via an Agilent 4284, a precision LCR meter having a measuring bandwidth of 20 Hz to 1 MHz. The measured inductance results can be characterized ... Write it down somewhere :) (Note: in my case R=300.8 Ohms). Location. Note that sometimes an AC measurement can give the correct DC value better than a DC measurement because thermal voltage and drift errors are avoided and measurement sensitivity is apt to be higher. An LCR meter is a type of electronic test equipment used to measure the inductance (L), capacitance (C), and resistance (R) of an electronic component. Simple and practical, flexible and versatile selection mode, easy to use. This is a good way to get a ballpark figure for getting a ballpark figure for inductance, but if you want good results, get a real LCR meter. LCR meters are measuring instruments that measure a physical property known as impedance. 879B can be used to measure Inductance, Capacitance, Resistance, Q, D, Phase Angle and ESR. 1,393. The LCR meter or LCR bridge takes its name from the fact that the inductance, capacitance and resistance are denoted by the letters L, C, and R respectively. Switch a relay on for 3 seconds, after a delay. Found inside – Page 6-3The inductor and capacitor were measured using an HP4275A LCR meter. Fig. 6.4 shows the capacitance of the varactor as a function of voltage. The extrapolated values for C0 and b are 140 pF and 0.12, respectively. A review of the LCR meter Metro MTQ 4070 is done.
I have an LCR meter that lets you choose between multiple frequencies and when I measure the capacitance at different frequencies, I get different values. Found inside – Page 1604By using motion capability of polyimide hinges we measure the change of inductance when we apply force from the top portion of the coil. Measurements are performed with an LCR meter (HIOKI-LCRHITESTER-3532). Measurement frequency was ... Capacitance and Inductance Measurements Using Found inside – Page 4165-4 Measuring Inductance and Impedance Lead wire Thermo - coupling Inductance and impedance are measured with an LCR meter equipped with a generalpurpose IEEE - 488 controller . In addition , a constant current type DC bias unit ... Once you have the reactance you can use: Reactance(X) = 2 x pi x Frequency x Inducance(L) How To Measure Inductance With LCR Meter - Meter Test ⦠But what can you do if you don’t have these tools on hand? How to measure High-Frequency inductance of inductor using ... If there is no oscillation present, the inductance is probably out of the measurement range. So what if reference caps are 20% off or circuit capacitance is a factor!
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